Returns a monotonic clock measurement, if supported by the underlying platform.

This is the pure equivalent of Java's System.nanoTime, or of CLOCK_MONOTONIC from Linux's clock_gettime().

timer.clockMonotonic(NANOSECONDS)

The returned value can have nanoseconds resolution and represents the number of time units elapsed since some fixed but arbitrary origin time. Usually this is the Unix epoch, but that's not a guarantee, as due to the limits of Long this will overflow in the future (2⁶³ is about 292 years in nanoseconds) and the implementation reserves the right to change the origin.

The return value should not be considered related to wall-clock time, the primary use-case being to take time measurements and compute differences between such values, for example in order to measure the time it took to execute a task.

As a matter of implementation detail, Monix's Scheduler implementations use System.nanoTime and the JVM will use CLOCK_MONOTONIC when available, instead of CLOCK_REALTIME (see clock_gettime() on Linux) and it is up to the underlying platform to implement it correctly.

And be warned, there are platforms that don't have a correct implementation of CLOCK_MONOTONIC. For example at the moment of writing there is no standard way for such a clock on top of JavaScript and the situation isn't so clear cut for the JVM either, see:

• bug report
• concurrency-interest discussion on the X86 tsc register

The JVM tries to do the right thing and at worst the resolution and behavior will be that of System.currentTimeMillis.

The recommendation is to use this monotonic clock when doing measurements of execution time, or if you value monotonically increasing values more than a correspondence to wall-time, or otherwise prefer clockRealTime.

Returns the current time, as a Unix timestamp (number of time units since the Unix epoch).

This is the equivalent of Java's System.currentTimeMillis, or of CLOCK_REALTIME from Linux's clock_gettime().

The provided TimeUnit determines the time unit of the output, its precision, but not necessarily its resolution, which is implementation dependent. For example this will return the number of milliseconds since the epoch:

import scala.concurrent.duration.MILLISECONDS

scheduler.clockRealTime(MILLISECONDS)

N.B. the resolution is limited by the underlying implementation and by the underlying CPU and OS. If the implementation uses System.currentTimeMillis, then it can't have a better resolution than 1 millisecond, plus depending on underlying runtime (e.g. Node.js) it might return multiples of 10 milliseconds or more.

See clockMonotonic, for fetching a monotonic value that may be better suited for doing time measurements.

Schedules the given command for execution at some time in the future.

The command may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, in the calling thread, basically at the discretion of the Scheduler implementation.

Schedules the given callback for asynchronous execution in the thread-pool, but also indicates the start of a thread-local trampoline in case the scheduler is a BatchingScheduler.

This utility is provided as an optimization. If you don't understand what this does, then don't worry about it.

Schedules the given callback for immediate execution as a TrampolinedRunnable. Depending on the execution context, it might get executed on the current thread by using an internal trampoline, so it is still safe from stack-overflow exceptions.

The ExecutionModel is a specification of how run-loops and producers should behave in regards to executing tasks either synchronously or asynchronously.

Exposes a set of flags that describes the Scheduler's features.

Reports that an asynchronous computation failed.

Schedules a periodic task that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given period. Executions will commence after initialDelay then initialDelay + period, then initialDelay + 2 * period and so on.

If any execution of the task encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed. Otherwise, the task will only terminate via cancellation or termination of the scheduler. If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently execute.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output approximately every 10 seconds with an initial delay of 5 seconds:

val task = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new Runnable {
  def run() = print("Repeated message")
})

// later if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Schedules a periodic task that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given period. Executions will commence after initialDelay then initialDelay + period, then initialDelay + 2 * period and so on.

If any execution of the task encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed. Otherwise, the task will only terminate via cancellation or termination of the scheduler. If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently execute.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output approximately every 10 seconds with an initial delay of 5 seconds:

val task = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(5.seconds, 10.seconds) {
  print("Repeated message")
}

// later if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Schedules a task to run in the future, after initialDelay.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output after 5 minutes:

val task = scheduler.scheduleOnce(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new Runnable {
  def run() = print("Hello, world!")
})

// later if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Schedules a task to run in the future, after initialDelay.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output after 5 minutes:

val task = scheduler.scheduleOnce(5.minutes) {
  print("Hello, world!")
}

// later, if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Schedules for execution a periodic task that is first executed after the given initial delay and subsequently with the given delay between the termination of one execution and the commencement of the next.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output every 10 seconds with an initial delay of 5 seconds:

val task = s.scheduleWithFixedDelay(5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new Runnable {
  def run() = print("Repeated message")
})

// later if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Schedules for execution a periodic task that is first executed after the given initial delay and subsequently with the given delay between the termination of one execution and the commencement of the next.

For example the following schedules a message to be printed to standard output every 10 seconds with an initial delay of 5 seconds:

val task = s.scheduleWithFixedDelay(5.seconds, 10.seconds) {
  print("Repeated message")
}

// later if you change your mind ...
task.cancel()

Triggers execution by going through the queue of scheduled tasks and executing them all, until no tasks remain in the queue to execute.

Order of execution isn't guaranteed, the queued Runnables are being shuffled in order to simulate the needed non-determinism that happens with multi-threading.

implicit val ec = TestScheduler()

val f = Future(1 + 1).map(_ + 1)
// Execution is momentarily suspended in TestContext
assert(f.value == None)

// Simulating async execution:
ec.tick()
assert(f.value, Some(Success(2)))

The optional parameter can be used for simulating time:

implicit val ec = TestScheduler()

val f = Task.sleep(10.seconds).map(_ => 10).runAsync

// Not yet completed, because this does not simulate time passing:
ctx.tick()
assert(f.value == None)

// Simulating time passing:
ctx.tick(10.seconds)
assert(f.value == Some(Success(10))

Executes just one tick, one task, from the internal queue, useful for testing that some runnable will definitely be executed next.

Returns a boolean indicating that tasks were available and that the head of the queue has been executed, so normally you have this equivalence:

while (ec.tickOne()) {}
// ... is equivalent with:
ec.tick()

Note that task extraction has a random factor, the behavior being like tick, in order to simulate non-determinism. So you can't rely on some ordering of execution if multiple tasks are waiting execution.

Given a function that will receive the underlying ExecutionModel, returns a new Scheduler reference, based on the source, that exposes the transformed ExecutionModel when queried by means of the executionModel property.

This method enables reusing global scheduler references in a local scope, but with a slightly modified execution model to inject.

The contract of this method (things you can rely on):

1. the source Scheduler must not be modified in any way
2. the implementation should wrap the source efficiently, such that the result mirrors the source Scheduler in every way except for the execution model

Sample:

import monix.execution.Scheduler.global

implicit val scheduler = {
  val em = global.executionModel
  global.withExecutionModel(em.withAutoCancelableLoops(true))
}

Returns a new Scheduler that piggybacks on this, but uses the given exception reporter for reporting uncaught errors.

Sample:

import monix.execution.Scheduler.global
import monix.execution.UncaughtExceptionReporter

implicit val scheduler = {
  val r = UncaughtExceptionReporter { e =>
    e.printStackTrace()
  }
  global.withUncaughtExceptionReporter(r)
}